Computing and the Linguistic Turn

Enigma (Wikipedia)

Symbolic analysis and statistical analysis were both approaches codebreakers took in breaking Enigma.

The development of AI has also incorporated both approaches.

One historical question for AI is why the dominance of Symbolic AI from 1950 to 1990?

Note the development of AI out of the Dartmouth Workshop and especially the contributions of one of its attendees, Ray Solomonoff, to the statistical approach, an approach taken up by Marcus Hutter, a DeepMind employee.


Overview

History of Computing (Medium, Mazhar Hassan )

Historical Development of Computing Devices (CSULB)

Analytic Philosophy ~ The Linguistic Turn (Oxford, Timothy Williamson)

AI History (Weighty Thoughts)

Symbolic AI (Deep Code AI, Frank Fisher)

Symbolic AI History (Wikipeida)

 Symbolic AI and Statistical AI (ANU, Yoshihiro Maruyama)


Linguistics

Linguistics (Wikipedia)

Philosophy of Linguistics (Stanford)



 Linguistic Turn

Linguistic Turn (Wikipedia)

Linguistic Turn (Routledge)

Linguistic Turn (Institute of Historical Research)

As Related to Analytic Philosophy

Philosophy of Language (Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy)

The Linguist Turn from Idealism (MIT)

Limitations (MIT)


Analytic Philosophy and Computing

On Analytic Philosophy (BU)

LLM and Inferentialism (arxiv)

Techne and Programming as Analytic Philosophy (TEGG)

Computing is Applied Analytic Philosophy (Y Combinator)


Philosophers, Mathematicians, and Computer Scientists

Frege 

Frege: Philosophy of Language (Wikipedia)

Frege (Michael Dummett)

Russell

Russell (Wikipedia)

Wittgenstein

Wittgenstein (Wikipedia)

Hayek

Hayek (Wikipedia)

Whorf

Whorf (Wikipedia)

Von Neumann

Von Neumann

Harris

Harris (Wikipedia)

Austin

Austin (Wikipedia)

Turing

Turing (Wikipedia)

Lambek

Lambek (n-Lab)

Chomsky

Chomsky (Wikipedia)

Rorty

Rorty (Wikipedia)

Hinton

Hinton (Wikipedia)

Brandom

Brandom (Wikipedia)

Manning

Manning (Wikipedia)

...

The Rationalistic Detour for AI

Rationalism ~ Symbolism as a Linguistic Turn

John McCarthy (Wikipedia)

LISP (Wikipedia)

History of LISP (Stanford)

History of Early AI (Sil Hamilton)

Chomsky and McCarthy (VTechWorks, J.A.N. Lee)

Biolinguistic Turn (Berkeley, Chomsky)

Language Design for AI (StackExchange)


...

Linguistics and Lambek

The Mathematical Structure of Language (CMU)

...

Linguistics and Chomsky

Linguistics in the Electronics Lab at MIT (MIT)

Fundamental Issues in Linguistics (MIT)

Transformational Grammar (Wikipedia)

Universal Grammar (Wikipedia)

Universal Grammar (NIH)

Against Universal Grammar (Reddit)

Chomsky's Theory (Structural Learning)

...

Computing and Chomsky

Compiler (Wikipedia)

Parsing (Wikipedia)

Parsers (IBM)

Parser Grammars (Stack Exchange)

Chomsky versus Chomsky (MIT)

...

On Codebreaking

Linguists or Mathematicians (BBC)

Alan Turing (Stanford)

Marian Rejewski (Wikipedia)

Codebreaking (The British Academy)

Cracking Enigma (NIH)

...

Computing

Types of AI (Gary Marcus)

Symbolic ~ Statistical (SmythOS.com)

A Turing Program for Linguistics

NLP (Wikipedia)

NLP (IBM)

Chomsky (eHealth First)

LLM (Wikipedia)

NLP ~ LLM (Slava Vaniukov)

NLP and Data (Sigma Computing)

Compression (arxiv)

...

Beyond the Linguistic Turn

From the Linguistic Turn to Information Theory (mpdi.com)

Unseen Syntax (cybernative.ai)

The Linguistic Turned (Larval Subjects)

Unlanguaging (aeon.co)

Gap (Brain Lenses)

...

Extending the Linguistic Turn to Biolinguistics and Brain Modeling

The Biolinguistic Turn (Psychology Today)

Computational Brain Modeling (NIH)

Neuromorphic Computing (IBM)

Computational Modelling (Brain Map)

Computational Modelling (YouTube)

...

Computational Linguistics

Computational Linguistics (Stanford)

Computational Philosophy (Stanford)

Computational Linguistics (University of Maryland)

...

The Need for Interpretability

Computer Processing (MIT)

Interpretability

LLM Interpretability In Depth (ILLC)


...

Between the Linguistic Turn (Symbolic Computing) and Statistical Reasoning 

Symbolic AI Versus Statistical AI (SmythOS.com)

...

On Meaning

Whence Meaning (Medium, Science Spectrum)?

...

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